Prompting the Physics Mind: The Role of AI Tools and Prompt Engineering in Addressing Metacognitive Learning Resource Gaps Among Undergraduate Physics Students

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

Guest post by Patricio Bastida Nava, undergraduate researcher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

“Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”

— Abraham Lincoln

The first time I realized how badly AI could fail a student was during my first semester at UMass Amherst. I was studying for my second Physics 181 midterm. I just couldn’t understand projectile motion and struggled with kinematics. None of it was clicking. So I did what felt productive: I asked ChatGPT to build me an interactive visualization, a map of how the problems fit together, something I could study from. The artifact it produced was beautiful. I felt prepared. There I was looking at the exam when I knew instantly that understanding the concept and actually solving a problem were two entirely different things. The exam did not ask me to recall relationships. It asked me to set up equations, choose coordinate systems, and grind through algebra with variables. I had outsourced the thinking and memorized the output. I felt deeply frustrated. I just didn’t know what was wrong with me or how to fix it. The gap between what I thought I knew and what I could do had never been so big.

That failure changed how I used AI. I stopped asking it to explain and started asking it to coach: generate problems, demand my reasoning before giving feedback, and adapt difficulty to my mistakes. My learning improved. As usual, this experience led to a very important question — if I was going through this situation, what was happening to everyone else?

Weeks later, Dr. Torrey Trust ran an exercise in her AI and Education seminar that gave me part of the answer. She asked students — biology, computer science, engineering, economics — what tool they turned to when a concept was not clicking. Nearly every hand pointed in the same direction: ChatGPT. Not because anyone had tested it against alternatives. Not because it produced the best learning outcomes. Because it was fast, and speed feels like understanding. Researchers call this the learning illusion: the subjective sense that you have learned something when you have only been exposed to it. In education research, metacognition (the practice of thinking about how you are learning and whether it is actually working) is the primary defense against this illusion. But metacognition is effortful, and ChatGPT is effortless. That is the trap.

I am a first-year physics student, but I am also a researcher. I never attended a traditional school. I earned my high school diploma in Mexico by examination alone. Everything I know, I taught myself, and for much of that process, AI was one of the only resources I had. That experience gives me no patience for the argument that AI is simply a shortcut. For students like me, it was the classroom. But it also gave me no illusions about its dangers, because I have lived both sides: the version of AI that builds understanding and the version that quietly destroys it. This past March, I co-presented original research at the SITE International Conference in Philadelphia with Dr. Trust, evaluating how well large language models actually support learning when measured against established instructional theory. What we found should matter to every STEM educator. Faculty need to stop relying on blanket AI bans, update their syllabus policies, and start teaching students how to use AI for metacognitive reflection and cognitive collaboration — because whether faculty act or not, students are already using these tools every day.

The Learning Illusion

Akgun and Toker published a 2025 empirical study comparing students using ChatGPT against students using traditional textbooks. The AI group showed short-term gains on simpler tasks, but their long-term retention was significantly worse. The AI was doing the thinking. The student was watching. In learning science, this is called cognitive offloading, and in physics, it compounds every week. A student who does not genuinely work through Newton’s Second Law in week three will be lost when momentum, energy, and wave mechanics arrive later.

The struggle is not the enemy of learning in physics. The struggle frequently is the learning.

Hon’s 2026 systematic review of studies from 2018 to 2024 confirms that AI tools consistently increased engagement but also produced over-reliance and inconsistent outcomes, with the biggest gaps in disciplines that require deep conceptual reasoning. Physics is exactly that kind of discipline. Yet every day, physics students everywhere open ChatGPT, paste in a problem, and read the solution. It feels productive. It is not.

When AI Actually Works

The picture is not uniformly negative. AI can sometimes teach better than a traditional classroom, but only when it’s designed very carefully. In 2025, Harvard researchers ran an experiment and found that students learned more physics and learned it faster when they used a custom-built AI tutor instead of sitting in a typical active-learning class. What made it work wasn’t the AI itself so much as the guardrails built into it: students had to walk through their thinking before getting any help, mistakes became useful signals rather than dead ends, and the system adjusted based on where each student was actually getting tripped up. Even then, the researchers noted it could have been even better with tighter controls on how quickly answers were revealed. When I tested the model myself, I found it still occasionally provided solutions faster than a student could meaningfully process them.

Kotsis frames this through cognitive load theory: AI must scaffold inquiry rather than replace it. When a student pastes a problem and copies the answer, they eliminate all cognitive load. When they prompt an AI to coach them step by step and require them to show their work first, they engage exactly the cognitive processes physics instruction is designed to build. Younis found measurable improvements in conceptual mastery among undergraduate physics students when AI was integrated this way.

The AI is the same either way. The learning is completely different.

What the Data Actually Shows

At SITE 2026, Dr. Trust and I set out to answer a specific question: do the study and learning modes that major AI companies have built — features these companies developed, by their own account, in partnership with educators and learning scientists — actually deliver a sound learning experience? We tested four platforms: ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity. Our framework was Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction, a model from the 1960s that defines the foundational conditions for effective learning, from gaining the learner’s attention and stating objectives through eliciting performance, providing feedback, and supporting transfer to real-world application.

Across all four platforms, two of Gagné’s events were nearly absent: Gain Attention and Inform Objectives. In practice, this meant that no tool consistently explained what the student should know or be able to do after the lesson, and no tool took meaningful steps to engage the student’s curiosity before presenting the content. Without a stated learning objective, a student cannot track their own progress, cannot reflect on whether they actually understood something, and cannot connect the current concept to the next one. In a discipline as cumulative as physics, that is not a minor gap. It is a structural failure.

The findings went deeper than missing events. Learning guidance was the most consistent behavior across all four tools, but the other behaviors followed a repetitive, formulaic pattern rather than adapting as the interaction progressed. Feedback was constantly present but shallow — short and generic, lacking the depth needed to actually support learning. Every tool works with enthusiasm and encouragement regardless of the quality of the student’s responses, making it dangerously easy to fall into a learning illusion: you feel like you understand because the AI keeps telling you that you are doing great. ChatGPT in particular overwhelmed users with multiple questions simultaneously, creating a mismatch between what it asked the learner to do and what its own interface allowed. Of the four tools, Claude was the only one that consistently pushed students toward critical thinking — and, perhaps tellingly, it is often perceived as the most frustrating to use.

There is something else important to say. The presence of a pedagogical behavior in an AI interaction does not guarantee its quality. A tool can ask questions without asking useful questions. Our research required classifying each interaction against Gagné’s events regardless of quality, then reexamining the qualitative texture of those interactions to understand what the numbers alone could not capture. What the data showed, across hundreds of interactions, is that the most sophisticated AI study modes available right now cannot consistently meet what a first-year education textbook from 1965 would call basic instructional standards — and these are the tools students are relying on every night.

The Missing Skill: Metacognitive Prompting

If the tools themselves are not pedagogically reliable, then the burden falls on how students use them. This is where metacognitive prompting becomes essential — and where the gap in instruction is most glaring. Consider two students preparing for the same Physics 181 midterm on the work-energy theorem. The first opens ChatGPT and types: “Teach me about the work-energy theorem for my exam.” The AI produces a tidy summary. The student reads it, feels reassured, and moves on. Cognitive offloading is complete.

The second student writes a different kind of prompt. They instruct the AI to act as a physics professor who will first provide a short conceptual explanation, then present a symbolic problem using only variables — no numbers. The prompt explicitly requires the student to show their full step-by-step reasoning, including a free-body diagram and force decomposition, before the AI reveals any solution. It instructs the AI to analyze the student’s reasoning, identify specific misconceptions, explain why each mistake matters conceptually, and provide metacognitive strategies — reflection prompts like “Which assumption did I make unconsciously?” or checklists for common errors. Only after this exchange does the AI present a worked solution, and it follows up with a new problem adapted to the student’s demonstrated weaknesses.

The AI is identical in both cases. The learning is not. The first student consumed information. The second student built understanding. The difference is not intelligence or motivation. It is whether anyone ever taught the second student that prompting is a skill, that the quality of what you ask determines the quality of what you learn, and that the goal is not to get the answer but to find out where your reasoning breaks. Nobody is teaching this. Not in physics courses, not in orientation, not in any syllabus I have seen.

What Needs to Change

A professor during my first semester dismissed AI with an analogy: “Do you send your computer to do workouts for you?” The analogy is not wrong about personal responsibility. But it assumes students have a proper gym, a qualified trainer, and enough time to use both. Most of us do not. Office hours last an hour. Textbooks do not ask you how you are thinking. AI is available at two in the morning when the exam is tomorrow, and the concept still will not click. For many of us, it is the only resource available long enough to actually help. That does not make it safe. It makes it necessary — and necessity without guidance is how students get hurt.

Three concrete changes could begin to address this, and none of them cost money. First, update syllabus policies. The University of Texas at Austin has published sample AI guidelines that move past blanket bans toward transparent policies treating AI as a citable tool with clear attribution requirements. Any university can adopt and adapt the same framework. Second, name the risk. Tell students explicitly what cognitive offloading is and why speed is not learning. Chen documents practical strategies for avoiding AI-driven learning illusions that could be incorporated into any course’s first-week materials. Third — and this is the intervention that does not exist yet — teach students how to prompt. Not as a computer science skill, but as a metacognitive one. A single module in the first week of a physics course, showing the difference between a prompt that offloads thinking and a prompt that forces reflection, would do more for student learning than any AI ban ever has. Resources for this already exist. EdTech Books publishes open-access materials — many peer-reviewed, others designed by scholars and educators — addressing how to design AI-integrated assignments and teach prompting for critical thinking rather than answer retrieval. One example is AI-Ready Educators and Students: Using the AUGMENT Framework to Teach and Learn with Generative AI, which offers a free, classroom-ready framework for exactly this kind of teaching. These resources exist right now, and most faculty have not seen them.

I want to be honest about the limits of this argument. Prompting is a patch. It is a patch for what is, at its core, a real and serious wound: AI tools built for speed rather than learning, that consume millions of liters of water annually, that encode biases, and that will not on their own produce the physicists this world needs. But we do not have time to wait for better tools, and the wound is already open. We do not have those tools yet. I am not sure we will have them in five years. Students are using these tools today with no guidance on how to use them well.

The question has never been whether students will use AI. The question is whether anyone will teach them the difference between a prompt that replaces their thinking and a prompt that sharpens it. That is a teaching problem, and it has a teaching solution. The goal is not to ban these tools or to endorse them. The goal is to give students the knowledge, the research, and the critical awareness they need to make an informed decision about how they learn — and then the freedom to make it. Right now, students are making that decision every day. They are just making it in the dark. The least any university can do is turn on the lights.

About the author

Patricio Bastida Nava is a Mexican undergraduate student at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he is pursuing a double major in Physics and Astronomy/Astrophysics alongside interdisciplinary studies in artificial intelligence and STEM education. His work sits at the intersection of AI research, instructional design, and applied technology. He has co-authored research on how generative AI platforms support teaching and learning, and designs corporate AI training programs grounded in prompt engineering and educational theory. He is also a member of UMass’s iCons program in the AI & Future of Work track. Beyond his academic work, Patricio serves in student technical leadership and is passionate about the role of AI, physics, and pedagogy in shaping the future of work and learning.

About Rachelle

If Your Organization Is Beginning This Work

I help schools and other organizations (law firms, healthcare professionals, business owners) implement AI responsibly through policy guidance, professional learning, and classroom-ready strategies grounded in both instructional practice and legal insight.

My sessions focus on helping teams:

• understand what AI can and cannot do

• recognize responsible-use considerations

• build confidence using emerging tools

•align implementation with organizational priorities

If your school, district, or organization is beginning conversations or looking to dive in and learn more about AI policy, professional learning, or responsible implementation, I’d welcome the opportunity to support your next steps through leadership workshops, keynote sessions, or strategic planning partnerships.

Preparing people is what makes AI implementation successful. Contact me via bit.ly/thrivineduPD for my training and speaking services.

Article content

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Leading Forward, Part V: How Do We Know It’s Working? Measuring What Matters in an AI-Driven World

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth 2 Comments

Throughout this series, I’ve shared what I’ve learned from working alongside district leadership teams across the country as they navigate artificial intelligence, digital wellness, and purposeful technology use.

We’ve explored:

  • why curiosity is replacing fear
  • why educator readiness is the foundation
  • why leadership and systems matter

But there is another critical question schools must answer:

How do we know if it’s working? Because implementation is not the goal. Impact is.

The Problem With Measuring the Wrong Things

Screen time and effective use of technology are hot topics in conversations happening in schools across the country. In many districts, success with technology has typically been measured by:

  • number of devices available, so all students can participate in learning
  • tool adoption rates
  • platform usage
  • logins and activity

These metrics are easy to track. But they don’t tell the full story. I’ve said it many times in various ways, but a classroom full of students using devices does not automatically mean that impactful, meaningful learning is happening. Nor does it show true student engagement just by the use of devices.

More technology use does not automatically lead to deeper learning.

More screen time does not equal greater engagement or better outcomes

So we have to really think about what we are measuring. If we continue measuring what is easy, we risk missing what matters most. And we might miss providing the best learning experiences for students.

What Should We Be Measuring Instead?

Across the districts I work with, the leadership teams are beginning to shift their focus.

The districts making the most progress are beginning to ask different kinds of questions:

  • Are students thinking more deeply?
  • Are students asking better questions?
  • Are students able to evaluate information more critically?
  • Do students understand when and how to use AI responsibly?
  • Are students being guided in how to use technology and why they are using it?
  • Do educators feel confident in their instructional decisions?
  • Are they supported as technology changes?

These are harder to measure, but they are far more meaningful and provide greater insight that schools can act upon.

Indicators Schools Are Moving in the Right Direction

There are some clear indicators I have seen and read about that show schools are moving in the right direction.

1. Student Thinking Is Visible

Students are not simply submitting AI-generated responses. They are explaining their thinking, reflecting on their process, questioning outputs, and making revisions. They are being guided and understand how to use AI as support, not a replacement.

2. Educators Are Making Intentional Decisions

Teachers are not asking whether they can use a certain tool or platform. Instead, they are questioning when they should and what the impact will be. This shift shows greater confidence in the purposeful use of technology and in intentional lesson design. Quality over quantity.

Continue reading the rest and subscribe to my newsletter on LinkedIn.

Subscribe to my ThriveinEDU newsletter to stay informed.

If Your Organization Is Beginning This Work

I help schools and other organizations (law firms, healthcare professionals, business owners, psychologists) implement AI responsibly through policy guidance, professional learning, and classroom-ready strategies grounded in both instructional practice and legal insight.

My sessions focus on helping teams:

• understand what AI can and cannot do

• recognize responsible-use considerations

• build confidence using emerging tools

•align implementation with organizational priorities

If your school, district, or organization is beginning conversations or looking to dive in and learn more about AI policy, professional learning, or responsible implementation, I’d welcome the opportunity to support your next steps through leadership workshops, keynote sessions, or strategic planning partnerships.

Preparing people is what makes AI implementation successful.

Contact me to work with you or speak at your event. bit.ly/thriveineduPD See testimonials about my work via my website.

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Leading Forward in AI: From AI Conversations to Sustainable Systems (Part IV)

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

In my last article, I shared what I’ve been learning from working with district leadership teams across the country as they navigate questions about artificial intelligence, digital wellness, and purposeful technology use. That work has provided me with insightful information and meaningful opportunities to learn from educators, students, and families.

Throughout these conversations, one message continues to stand out:

We cannot begin, and we cannot stay focused only on the tools and the tech.

We must move forward.

The Shift Schools Must Make Now

In Part II, I emphasized that educator readiness is the foundation of successful AI implementation. Schools that prioritize supporting educators are the ones seeing the most progress. And it starts with leadership and consistency. But readiness alone is not enough.

What I have learned from working with school Task Forces across the country is that they have had many conversations around AI, screen time, and tech use. They have explored the possibilities and understand the urgency with these topics, but they also have a similar question.

What do we do now? And this is where I believe that leadership matters most.

Moving From Conversations to Systems

Across the districts I continue to work with, I see a clear difference between schools that are talking about AI and schools that are leading with AI. I also see a difference between AI in education and AI Education. I recently met with a State Representative in Pennsylvania, and we had this conversation as well. The difference I’ve noticed and that we discussed is not just access to tools. It is about the presence of a system. Schools making meaningful progress are not relying on isolated efforts when they find time. Instead, they are building structures with a lens on consistency, clarity, and sustainability.

The system they are developing is focused on having:

  • clear expectations for the responsible use of all technology
  • consistent messaging across classrooms and grade levels
  • ongoing professional learning opportunities with follow-up support
  • shared language for students, staff, and families
  • opportunities for student voice and feedback

When these are part of the conversation, AI implementation becomes less about individual decisions, which leads to inconsistency,  and becomes more about a goal for collaborative and collective progress.

Consistency Builds Confidence

One of the most common challenges I have been hearing from both educators and students is inconsistency. I’ve met with student groups, interviewed educators, spoken with parents, and heard similar comments from educators and parents across the country.

In one classroom, the use of technology, and specifically AI, is encouraged. In another, it is restricted. In one classroom or school, the expectations are clear and known to all. In another, they are undefined or inconsistent.

Continue reading on LinkedIn and subscribe to my newsletter there as well.

If your school, district, or organization is beginning conversations or looking to dive in and learn more about AI policy, professional learning, or responsible implementation, I’d welcome the opportunity to support your next steps through leadership workshops, keynote sessions, or strategic planning partnerships.

Preparing people is what makes AI implementation successful.

Contact me to work with you or speak at your event. bit.ly/thriveineduPD See testimonials about my work via my website.

Article content

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Leading Forward in AI: (Part III)

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

Considerations for the conversations

In part II of the series, I shared my thoughts about what I’ve been learning from working with district leadership teams across the country, and the work is focused on AI, digital wellness, and innovation. In part II, I shared my thoughts on preparing educators in these areas and why it means preparing school leaders first. This work has provided me with meaningful opportunities to learn with and work alongside educators, students, and families, and I am noticing common conversations and concerns in the schools.

Screen time

Students talk about it. Families ask about it. Teachers notice it. Administrators are expected to respond to it. What do we do about the devices?

But what I have learned from working with schools is that the most important leadership question is not simply how much time students spend on screens. The more important question is: What are students doing while they are on those screens?

As technology continues to evolve in our schools and in the world, we need to move beyond conversations that focus only on limits and restrictions. We need to focus on purpose, guidance, and readiness.

Moving From Screen Time to Purposeful Use

Conversations about student technology use have primarily focused on recommended amounts and on setting limits. The American Pediatric Association had recommendations for some of the most common questions: How many hours per day? How often should devices be used? When should students disconnect?

Although the conversation has shifted away from specific time limits, those guiding questions still matter. But today’s learning environments require something more intentional and thoughtful, and should bring in different perspectives about what the common uses are. We need to better understand how students are using technology and whether that use supports learning, connection, creativity, and growth. From my conversations, I have learned that students are using devices to:

  • Interact with friends and family
  • collaborate with classmates
  • create original work
  • communicate with teachers
  • design presentations
  • explore complex ideas
  • interact with artificial intelligence tools

Continue reading via my newsletter on LinkedIn and subscribe. Also, subscribe to my newsletter for events, resources, and more.

If Your Organization Is Beginning This Work

I help schools and other organizations (law firms, healthcare professionals, business owners) implement AI responsibly through policy guidance, professional learning, and classroom-ready strategies grounded in both instructional practice and legal insight.

My sessions focus on helping teams:

• understand what AI can and cannot do

• recognize responsible-use considerations

• build confidence using emerging tools

•align implementation with organizational priorities

If your school, district, or organization is beginning conversations or looking to dive in and learn more about AI policy, professional learning, or responsible implementation, I’d welcome the opportunity to support your next steps through leadership workshops, keynote sessions, or strategic planning partnerships.

Preparing people is what makes AI implementation successful.

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

Leading Forward Part II

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

Preparing Educators for an AI Future Means Preparing Leaders First

In my last article, I shared my thoughts about what I’ve been learning from working with district leadership teams across the country as they navigate questions about artificial intelligence, digital wellness, and purposeful technology use. My work has provided me with tremendous opportunities to learn from educators, students, and families.

Conversations about screen time, purposeful technology use, and digital balance are happening everywhere.   What I’ve found most insightful is when students and educators have the chance to sit down and engage in open, honest conversations about these topics and learn from one another. I’ve noticed a common theme in most of these conversations. We have to focus on more than just the technology, especially when talking about AI use in schools. Frequently, the focus is first on specific tools. When talking about artificial intelligence happening in schools, the questions have been:

Which platform should we allow? What should students be permitted to use? What policies do we need?

These are important questions. But they are not the first questions schools should be asking.

The first question schools should be asking is:

How prepared are our educators to lead in an AI-shaped learning environment?

Successful implementation is not about technology adoption.

Introducing AI into classrooms is easy. Supporting educators to understand how to use it meaningfully is the real work. And with support comes confidence.

Educator readiness is the real implementation strategy

Across the districts I have worked with, I’ve noticed that the biggest predictor of successful AI integration is not the access to tools, but whether or not educators feel supported as they navigate the changes happening.

I believe that schools will see more progress and success when there are goals set. Educators must have time to explore. Expectations need to be communicated clearly and with a consistent message. Policies must be in place, and they should emphasize guidance rather than restriction. AI implementation and any technology integration succeed when educators understand not only how to use tools, but why they should use them, and what the impact is on student learning.  This is what I am hearing from students around the country. 

Across classrooms nationwide, students are using an increasing number of digital tools in their classes. However, I am hearing from them that they are not always consistently guided on how to use them safely, ethically, and responsibly. Students wanting clarity is a powerful insight. Students wanting more purposeful use of technology is an even more powerful insight. How can this happen?

By supporting educators, because it helps to then support students.

Leadership sets the tone

One of the most powerful influences on AI adoption, technology use, and the establishment of standards for communication and screen time in a school system is leadership modeling.

When administrators ask for feedback, communicate transparently, dive in to explore tools with teachers, and acknowledge uncertainty while providing direction, they create a safe environment for innovation. Leadership like this builds trust, and trust makes responsible implementation possible.

Preparing students means preparing adults first

Students will graduate and enter workplaces shaped by automation, intelligent systems, and evolving expectations around collaboration with technology. According to the World Economic Forum, technological literacy is #3 for 2030. #1 is AI and #2 is cybersecurity. Students are not the only ones preparing for that future. Educators need to be prepared so that our students are too.

Professional learning on AI is no longer an option. It is an essential part of instructional readiness. The schools making the most progress right now are engaging in conversations to build systems that help educators adapt confidently as change continues. And that may be the most important preparation strategy of all.

Supporting educators means strengthening entire school systems. This is one of the most important investments districts can make as they prepare students for an AI-shaped, AI-driven future.

Stay tuned for part 3 of this Leading Forward Series.

Subscribe to my ThriveinEDU newsletter to stay informed.

If Your Organization Is Beginning This Work

I help schools and other organizations (law firms, healthcare professionals, business owners) implement AI responsibly through policy guidance, professional learning, and classroom-ready strategies grounded in both instructional practice and legal insight.

My sessions focus on helping teams:

• understand what AI can and cannot do

• recognize responsible-use considerations

• build confidence using emerging tools

•align implementation with organizational priorities

If your school, district, or organization is beginning conversations or looking to dive in and learn more about AI policy, professional learning, or responsible implementation, I’d welcome the opportunity to support your next steps through leadership workshops, keynote sessions, or strategic planning partnerships.

Preparing people is what makes AI implementation successful.

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

Leading Forward in AI: What I’ve Been Learning from Schools Across the Country (Part I)

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

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Over the past eight months, I’ve had the opportunity to work with educators, school leaders, and district teams from twelve districts across the country as they navigate one of the biggest shifts education has experienced in decades: the arrival of artificial intelligence in everyday teaching and learning. This work is part of a national digital wellness and innovation initiative supporting districts as they develop responsible approaches to emerging technologies.

I work with a Task Force from each district to evaluate policies, create resources for families, and decide when and how to begin teaching students about AI, as well as how best to support educators. And some of these Task Forces include students and parents. We have had many conversations about digital wellness, digital citizenship, screentime, and, of course, AI.

The conversations about AI included shared concerns, questions, and challenges. However, what has stood out the most in these conversations with these schools is not fear. It’s curiosity.

In classrooms, teachers are asking thoughtful questions about how AI can support student thinking rather than replace it. Administrators are working to align emerging tools with existing priorities such as digital citizenship, academic integrity, and student wellness. District teams are exploring how policy can move beyond restriction toward responsible guidance. Some are even completely rewriting their policies to align with these changes and make sure that a common language is used.

Recently, my work has included:

• Supporting district digital wellness and AI implementation planning

• Leading professional learning sessions on responsible AI use

• Presenting on AI and the law for educators

• Visiting classrooms to observe how students are already interacting with AI tools

• Collaborating with leadership teams and developing next-step strategies for staff support

• Designing activities for administrators and educators to evaluate policies and effective AI use

One consistent theme continues to emerge:

Districts, educators, and students are ready to lead.

Educators are not waiting for perfect answers to the big AI questions. They are considering the best pedagogical practices for using AI that protect students while expanding opportunities.

The most successful districts I’m working with right now are focusing on three priorities:

  1. Supporting educator confidence: They need clarity, examples, and time to explore.
  2. Creating shared expectations for responsible use across classrooms and grade levels
  3. Preparing students to think critically about AI-generated information.

Artificial intelligence isn’t just a technology conversation.

It’s a leadership conversation.

And I’m excited to continue working with and learning alongside school districts as they move forward with clarity, purpose, and a strong commitment to keeping human relationships at the center of innovation.

Providing the training

Artificial intelligence is changing expectations across nearly every profession. Schools are not the only organizations preparing for this shift.

In my work as an educator, attorney, and national presenter on responsible AI implementation, I support organizations as they explore how AI connects to decision-making, ethics, communication, and everyday professional practice.

I help schools and other organizations (law firms, healthcare professionals, business owners) implement AI responsibly through policy guidance, professional learning, and classroom-ready strategies grounded in both instructional practice and legal insight.

My sessions focus on helping teams:

• understand what AI can and cannot do

• recognize responsible-use considerations

• build confidence using emerging tools

•align implementation with organizational priorities

If your school, district, or organization is beginning conversations or looking to dive in and learn more about AI policy, professional learning, or responsible implementation, I’d welcome the opportunity to support your next steps through leadership workshops, keynote sessions, or strategic planning partnerships.

Preparing people is what makes AI implementation successful.

Article content

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

Educator explaining AI literacy concepts on a smartboard to students with tablets and laptops

AI Literacy is Not Tool Mastery: How to Build Sustained Educator Capacity

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

Previous post on Getting Smart

Not long ago, artificial intelligence in education felt novel. It was something shiny, experimental, and, for many educators, possibly unsettling at times. When ChatGPT arrived in November 2022, the initial conversations and concerns were more focused on fear. I recall receiving emails, text messages, phone calls, and visits from educators who were concerned about cheating, plagiarism, lost skills, and what instantly felt like an overwhelming pace of change. It was something else to adjust to, not long after the overwhelming feeling that many felt in March of 2020. 

But since that initial adjustment to the increased use of AI in our world at the end of 2022 and through 2023, I’ve seen a shift happening. At first, there was skepticism, uncertainty, and hesitation, and not just in the world of education. However, as we’ve continued to adjust to new tools and new ways of working, I’ve noticed a shift from considering AI as a “what if” to the acceptance that AI is here and its use is increasing. It’s embedded in tools educators already use, and if it hasn’t already, then it will potentially slowly but surely become part of the daily routine and workflow of teaching and learning.

I’ve spoken about this shift from novelty to normalcy and how it brings a new challenge: educator upskilling.

A few years ago, I started researching the training available to educators and other professionals in AI. At the end of 2023, 87% of the educators in the United States had not received any training. In my workshops, some attendees are having their first training experience, more than 3 years after ChatGPT made its debut. So I think that we need to focus on an important question, whether in education or not. The question is no longer whether educators need professional learning around AI. Most people agree that they do. The bigger issue is whether we are approaching AI professional development in ways that are deep, sustained, and human-centered, or whether we’re still experiencing the one-and-done sessions that barely scratch the surface. With AI and the pace of change in education and the world, we need to do better and be prepared.

Shifting to Ongoing Capacity Building

When I completed my doctorate nearly two years ago, my research focused heavily on professional learning in emerging technologies, with a strong emphasis on AI. Even then, the message was clear. A single PD session, or even a series of short, tool-based trainings, was not enough, especially if completed early in the year or during a limited time span.

Yet, that is what I am learning about how AI PD is structured today. Through surveys in my sessions and conversations with other educators, there is a common experience happening, which is:

  • A 30-minute overview.
  • A 15-minute “certified educator” badge.
  • A walkthrough of one tool done well.

While these experiences can be helpful, especially for getting started and when time is limited, in the long term, they don’t build AI literacy. They build familiarity, whether with AI concepts or an AI tool. But familiarity is not AI literacy. Not for us as educators, nor for the students we are preparing for a future surrounded by AI and a world of work that seeks employees skilled in AI. 

Continue reading the original post on Getting Smart.

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

**Interested in writing a guest blog for my site? Would love to share your ideas! Submit your post here. Looking for a new book to read? Find these available at bit.ly/Pothbooks

************ Also, check out my THRIVEinEDU Podcast Here!

Join my show on THRIVEinEDU on Facebook. Join the group here.

A Closer Look at What’s New in Kira 2.0

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

In collaboration with Kira

During our ThriveinEDU livestream conversation about Kira, we explored a question that immediately resonated with educators:

What if planning, grading, and differentiation actually took half the time and still kept teachers in control of learning?

The question isn’t just about efficiency. It’s about sustainability and about supporting teachers to make instruction more responsive, more personalized, and more aligned to what students actually need in the moment, real-time responses, authentic feedback, and support from their teachers.

Kira recently released several new features (as part of their Kira 2.0 launch) that move beyond treating AI as a “lesson generator” or “assessment creator,” and it now works as a thought partner in the instructional workflow. After attending the Live Launch in New York on March 3rd and moderating the livestream, here are some of the biggest takeaways from the conversations that make the newest updates especially impactful for classrooms now.

Lesson/Course Studio

Many AI tools help teachers create one lesson at a time, which is highly beneficial and time-saving. But imagine you’re tasked with creating a course you’ve never taught or don’t have enough resources for. The amount of time needed is a bit overwhelming.

Kira’s Course and Lesson Studio helps educators generate both structured lessons and full, standards-aligned courses, including course outlines, unit sequences, lesson progressions, and assessments

Educators need to provide the topic, subject, grade level, and standards, and then, using this information or prompt, Kira builds the lesson with embedded formative checks already in place.

Formative assessment often happens after instruction, with Kira, teachers see student understanding during instruction.

As Rachel shared during the livestream:

“I don’t remember a time when I wasn’t taking work home or trying to get ahead of the game by planning out my week and then having to rewrite it midweek. It was so much work.”

Kira’s curriculum-building features help reduce that cycle in far less time. Rather than rewriting lessons to meet student needs, teachers start with a flexible structure they can adapt immediately, and, most importantly, stay in control. We are doing the editing, adjusting, and shaping of the lesson. This is an important distinction to make because it shows how crucial it is that teachers remain involved and review what has been generated.

Real-Time Insight Instead of End-of-Unit Surprises: Student Atlas

I have known about this for a few months and thought it was amazing. One of the most exciting updates in Kira 2.0 is Student Atlas, the platform’s student insight dashboard, now paired with Class Atlas, which brings those insights together at the class level.

Student Atlas provides:

  • concept-level mastery tracking
  • data confidence indicators
  • individual student support indicators
  • zones of proximal development insights
  • intervention suggestions

Rather than relying on a single quiz or test score, teachers can see which concepts students understand and where they’re struggling in real time. It enables us to see what concepts need reinforcing now, rather than waiting until the assessment is over and graded.

Class Atlas builds on this by turning individual insights into a clear, actionable class-wide view. Instead of opening 20+ student profiles and piecing things together, teachers can instantly answer: Where should I focus my instruction? and Which students need help with this skill? Teachers can even ask Kira to explain how it generated its recommendations, which helps schools as they look for tools and want to trust AI technologies.

Student Atlas also includes a data confidence indicator, helping educators assess the reliability of recommendations before making instructional decisions. That transparency supports professional judgment instead of replacing it.

Standards Alignment

Standards alignment is often one of the most time-consuming parts of planning, especially when building units or courses. And for educators teaching multiple courses, it is very time-consuming. But with Kira 2.0, that time requirement decreases because Kira 2.0 automatically tags lessons, activities, assessments, and questions to state standards, underlying skill progressions, and Bloom’s taxonomy levels.

Teachers can track how students are progressing through skills over time.

Supporting Multilingual Learners

Another standout feature we spoke about in the livestream is Kira’s built-in support for multilingual learners.

When gaps in understanding appear, Kira can generate:

  • scaffolded practice
  • targeted follow-up lessons
  • leveled reading supports
  • vocabulary scaffolds
  • translated instructional materials

Each of these supports is based on individual student performance, and not on a generic template that does not align with the student’s needs.

Differentiation is responsive rather than being reactive.

During the livestream, we talked about how, historically, differentiation required teachers to manually create multiple versions of lessons or assessments, which, of course, took a lot of time. With Kira, these supports are embedded directly inside the instructional workflow. Rachel said, “Especially talking about differentiation and the ease of it and being able to have the assistant nearby and go back and forth.”

Embedded support assists educators in providing what each student needs while giving them more time to work directly with each student.

Kira provides structure, but the teachers are the designers who provide the course’s vision.

Kira brings planning, assessment, differentiation, and student insight into one connected space. And when those pieces connect, teachers gain something incredibly valuable:

clarity
flexibility
time
and better visibility into learning

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

**Interested in writing a guest blog for my site? Would love to share your ideas! Submit your post here. Looking for a new book to read? Find these available at bit.ly/Pothbooks

************ Also, check out my THRIVEinEDU Podcast Here!

Join my show on THRIVEinEDU on Facebook. Join the group here.

Tool, Companion, or Supplemental Brain? What AI Will Be Depends on YOU!

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

Guest post by Robert W. Maloy and Torrey Trust

What are GenAI technologies, and what do we want them to become? Right now, GenAI is an educational chameleon, aggressively marketed as an indispensable learning companion, an academic partner, and a labor-saving tool; and at the same time, widely critiqued as a dangerous source of misinformation and biased responses, an environmental degrader, and a privacy invader. Since GenAI is all of these things and more, how do we use these tools appropriately and thoughtfully?

What GenAI is and what it will become depends on YOU – how you think about its roles, use it in your teaching and learning, and describe its functions to others.

Let’s look at two currently popular descriptions and uses of GenAI: 1) GenAI as a companion; 2) GenAI as a productivity-enhancing tool.

First, GenAI is widely described and used as a supportive “companion” or helpful “partner.” The Harvard Business Review (2025) reported that therapy/companionship was the number one way people were using GenAI in 2025. An alarming number of teens acknowledge that GenAI chatbots are their virtual companions, even though this technology can exploit youngsters’ emotional needs in ways that lead to self-harm and other risks (Common Sense Media report, Robb & Mann, 2025). One of the key problems here is that GenAI is NOT human, and it is not even intelligent (at least in the way humans perceive and describe intelligence).

The Key Takeaway: Using terms like “partner” or “companion” to describe GenAI technologies humanizes tools that are not designed to provide the support, guidance, and level of intelligence that actual humans can provide.

Second, GenAI technologies are widely presented as productivity-enhancing, time-saving, efficiency-increasing tools for people to use to improve their lives. “Use ChatGPT to make life easier,” declared a recent email advertisement, where all one had to do was “just tap a chat to start.” Personal and professional productivity is also one of the top ways people are using GenAI technologies – from writing emails and reports, to planning vacations and meals, to studying for exams; and it is certainly true that GenAI technologies can do all these things and so much more really fast. Yet, personal autonomy, creativity, and agency is lost when one uses GenAI technologies to automate activities they formerly did without it.

The key takeaway: Avoid talking about GenAI as automating work and think directly about how it can augment or supplement your activities as a teacher and a learner.

So If not a human-like companion or a productivity-enhancing automation tool, then how can we think about the role of GenAI in education? We believe that GenAI is best used when it augments teaching and learning, kind of like the way a caddie in golf enhances the golf experience. As such, we offer a metaphor of GenAI as a caddie; but again remind you that it is not an actual caddie and we are not trying to humanize this tool.

Professional golfers and their caddies on the LPGA, PGA, and more than 20 professional golf tours worldwide offer a metaphor for thinking about, describing, and using GenAI. Each pro golfer has a caddy who carries their clubs and walks alongside them when they play competitive tournaments. sharing ideas and information about the shots they are playing. For instance, until recently, LPGA player Brooke Henderson’s caddy was her older sister, Brittany; PGA player Xander Schauffele’s caddy is Austin Kaiser (his college golf teammate at San Diego State University).

Caddies have detailed information about the course and provide suggestions and feedback about what shots to hit with which clubs. They help keep track of the pace of play and how conditions of the course may be changing due to wind, weather, and time of day. However, it is the golfer who remains totally in charge of the outcomes of the game. Caddies do not hit the golf ball; golfers do not always do what the caddy suggests. It is the golfer who must make decisions, hit the shots, and deal with consequences, both positive and negative, in terms of performance and score. Caddies are there to augment the golf experience and outcome.

When it comes to teaching and learning, GenAI can be that source of information, ideas, or inspiration like a caddie; and it is the teacher who must determine what to do with that information. They have the expertise; they understand their classroom dynamics and contexts; they know their students, their topic, their grade level, and their community.

The key is for the teacher to resist the temptation to automate their work by turning it entirely over to a GenAI technology, because in this case GenAI is in control of the shots, rather than the teacher. It is as if professional golfers let their caddies choose the club and then hit the ball for them. This is even more problematic when it comes to using GenAI to automate tasks. In our metaphor, the caddie is a human who has expertise and has played golf before; however, GenAI is not a teacher, has never taught, and has no idea what teaching is. Turning over any tasks to a tool that does not have any expertise in education can become really problematic. Teachers must maintain agency and exert control, deciding when to accept, when to reject, and when to modify whatever ideas and information the GenAI provides.

So, returning to our original statement, what GenAI is and what it will become depends on YOU – how you think about its roles, use it in your teaching and learning, and describe its functions to others. What do YOU want GenAI to be?

If you’re looking for ways to use GenAI to augment teaching and learning, check our the free online companion of our new book: GenAI and Civic Engagement: 75+ Cross-Curricular Activities to Empower Your Students published by ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) or explore the bonus learning plans we’ve published on this blog: Learning Plans for Supporting Student Agency in the Age of AI & Learning Plans for Exploring Civic Issues with GenAI.

Nearly 50 years ago, at the outset of the computer revolution in schools, Seymour Papert asked: Will computers program the child, or will educators create the conditions where children program computers? For Papert then, as for us today in the age of GenAI, using technology remains a question of human control and user agency. GenAI can provide amazing resources, but it is essential that you retain your decision-making and personal creativity. Only then will the results be truly yours.

Torrey Trust, Ph.D., is a Professor of Learning Technology in the College of Education at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Her work centers on empowering educators and students to critically explore emerging technologies and make thoughtful, informed choices about their role in teaching and learning. Dr. Trust has received the University of Massachusetts Amherst Distinguished Teaching Award (2023), the College of Education Outstanding Teaching Award (2020), and the International Society for Technology in Education Making IT Happen Award (2018), which “honors outstanding educators and leaders who demonstrate extraordinary commitment, leadership, courage, and persistence in improving digital learning opportunities for students.” More recently, Dr. Trust has been a leading voice in exploring GenAI technologies in education and has been featured by several media outlets in articles and podcasts, including Educational Leadership, U.S. News & World Report, WIRED, Tech & Learning, The HILL, and EducationWeek. www.torreytrust.com

Robert W. Maloy is a senior lecturer in the College of Education at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he coordinates the history teacher education program and co-directs the TEAMS Tutoring Project, a community engagement/service learning initiative through which university students provide academic tutoring to culturally and linguistically diverse students in public schools throughout the Connecticut River Valley region of western Massachusetts. His research focuses on technology and educational change, teacher education, democratic teaching, and student learning. He is co-author of AI and Civic Engagement: 75+ Cross-Curricular Activities to Empower Your Students, Transforming Learning with New Technologies (4th edition); Kids Have All the Write Stuff: Revised and Updated for a Digital Age; Wiki Works: Teaching Web Research and Digital Literacy in History and Humanities Classrooms; We, the Students and Teachers: Teaching Democratically in the History and Social Studies Classroom; Ways of Writing with Young Kids: Teaching Creativity and Conventions Unconventionally; Kids Have All the Write Stuff: Inspiring Your Child to Put Pencil to Paper; The Essential Career Guide to Becoming a Middle and High School Teacher; Schools for an Information Age; and Partnerships for Improving Schools.

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

**Interested in writing a guest blog for my site? Would love to share your ideas! Submit your post here. Looking for a new book to read? Find these available at bit.ly/Pothbooks

************ Also, check out my THRIVEinEDU Podcast Here!

Join my show on THRIVEinEDU on Facebook. Join the group here.

From Awareness to Action: Responsible AI Adoption in Schools Now (Part 2)

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth Leave a comment

In Part 1, I shared why understanding the legal landscape of artificial intelligence is essential as schools continue to explore how these tools can support teaching and learning. Schools everywhere are thinking through policies and how to best provide resources for educators, students, and families. Awareness of laws such as FERPA, COPPA, and GDPR, accessibility requirements, and concerns such as algorithmic bias and deepfakes set an important foundation for responsible implementation.

We need guidelines and guardrails. A common question I hear from educators and leaders after presenting sessions and workshops, or speaking at conferences, is: “What do we do next?”

Understanding the guardrails is only the first step. The real work begins when schools start building systems that support educators in applying this knowledge in practical, sustainable ways. And it requires true collaboration.

Responsible AI Adoption Is a Team Effort

One of the most important shifts happening right now is the recognition that AI adoption and policy development should not be the responsibility of a single person or a select few administrators or IT teams. Responsible implementation and policy development require collaboration across roles.

District leaders are shaping policy and expectations for the school community.

Technology teams are evaluating vendor compliance and infrastructure readiness. (I have a future post coming up about IT Teams and ongoing PD).

Instructional leaders are aligning tools with learning goals and supporting teachers with implementation.

Teachers are modeling and supporting ethical classroom use.

Students are exploring and developing AI literacy skills that will shape how they interact with technology throughout their lives.

What I truly believe is that when schools recognize AI is a shared responsibility rather than an isolated initiative, implementation becomes more intentional, reflective, and sustainable.

I consistently see this when working with districts across the country. The schools that are moving forward with confidence are not the ones adopting the most tools. They are the ones creating a community, developing a common language, and building shared understanding first.

Transparency Builds Confidence Across the Community

Another theme that has been coming up in conversations with educators and families is trust.

Families want and need to know:

What tools are being used?

What information is being collected?

How is student data protected?

How is AI, or any technology, being used in support of learning rather than replacing it?

Having clear answers to these questions helps to strengthen the essential partnerships between schools and families. It also creates opportunities for students to participate more actively in conversations about responsible technology use.

Transparency is not simply a compliance strategy. It is a relationship-building strategy. When schools communicate clearly and proactively, they reduce uncertainty and help communities better understand how innovation supports student success.

AI Literacy Is Now Part of Digital Citizenship

One of the biggest shifts happening in education right now is the expansion of digital citizenship to include AI literacy. We’ve been talking about media literacy, digital literacy, AI literacy, and even discernment. Our work is a bit more involved now, and we need to be prepared.

Students are already interacting with AI systems daily, both in and maybe more frequently outside of school. They need guidance, which means classrooms must play an essential role in helping students understand:

How to protect their personally identifiable information (PII)

How AI systems generate responses
How bias can appear in outputs
How misinformation spreads
How data is collected and used
How to evaluate whether a tool should be trusted

AI literacy is not about teaching students how to use a single platform. It is about helping them develop judgment.

When students learn how to ask better questions about technology, they become more confident learners and more thoughtful digital citizens. Emerging tools continue to shape how students research, communicate, and create, and as educators, we have to keep learning so we can guide them to use the tools available to them safely and successfully.

Accessibility and Equity at the Center

As schools explore AI tools, accessibility must be a part of every conversation.

AI has tremendous potential to support multilingual learners, provide personalized feedback, assist with reading and writing tasks, and help students access content in new ways. It has endless ways to support educators. Schools must continue evaluating whether tools meet accessibility expectations and support equitable learning experiences.

Responsible implementation means asking questions such as:

Does this tool improve students’ access?

Does it create barriers? There has been more talk about the digital divide recently.

Does it support multiple learning pathways?

Does it align with universal design principles? Or a Portrait of a Graduate or an AI-Ready graduate?

Technology should expand opportunity rather than narrow it.

Supporting Educators Through the Transition

One of the most encouraging things I have seen in my work with educators is their investment in learning and the desire to learn with and from their students.

Educators are exploring AI tools while also asking important questions about privacy, ethics, and instructional impact. This balance is exactly what responsible adoption should look like.

Professional learning plays an essential role.

Educators benefit from opportunities to:

Explore tools safely
Review privacy expectations
Understand policy implications
Design classroom strategies
Collaborate with colleagues
Develop shared language around responsible use

When professional learning includes both legal awareness and classroom application, educators feel more confident making decisions that support students. Confidence leads to stronger implementation. And this is the work I am most passionate about when working with schools.

Leadership Matters More Than Ever

School leaders are in a unique position to support responsible AI adoption by:

Developing clear expectations
Supporting cross-team collaboration
Communicating with families (consistently)
Reviewing vendor agreements carefully
Building a common language around the use of AI
Creating space for experimentation, but having guardrails in place

Moving Forward

Artificial intelligence is already part of the learning landscape. We should not be talking about whether schools should engage with AI, but rather deciding how they will engage with it.

When schools combine legal awareness, transparency, accessibility considerations, and strong professional learning structures, they create innovative environments built on human decision-making.

Students benefit when educators feel confident.

Educators benefit when leaders provide clarity.

Communities benefit when schools communicate openly.

Responsible AI adoption is about moving forward with purpose.

When schools take that approach and have a team to work with, they are preparing students to understand technology, question it, and be the ones who determine what comes next.

About Rachelle

Dr. Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle received her Doctorate in Instructional Technology, with a research focus on AI and Professional Development. In addition to teaching, she is a full-time consultant and works with companies and organizations to provide PD, speaking, and consulting services. Contact Rachelle for your event!

Rachelle is an ISTE-certified educator and community leader who served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. By EdTech Digest, she was named the EdTech Trendsetter of 2024, one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021, and one of 150 Women Global EdTech Thought Leaders in 2022.

She is the author of ten books, including ‘What The Tech? An Educator’s Guide to AI, AR/VR, the Metaverse and More” and ‘How To Teach AI’. In addition, other books include, “In Other Words: Quotes That Push Our Thinking,” “Unconventional Ways to Thrive in EDU,” “The Future is Now: Looking Back to Move Ahead,” “Chart A New Course: A Guide to Teaching Essential Skills for Tomorrow’s World, “True Story: Lessons That One Kid Taught Us,” “Things I Wish […] Knew” and her newest “How To Teach AI” is available from ISTE or on Amazon.

Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions about Artificial Intelligence, AI and the Law, Coding, AR/VR, and more for your school or event! Submit the Contact Form.

Follow Rachelle on Bluesky, Instagram, and X at @Rdene915

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