During the fall, educators may notice a decrease in student engagement and also, that students are not retaining the content as well. With a few ideas to explore that get students more involved, we can hopefully also spark interest and excitement for learning to help students value the process of learning itself.
I always say that the beginning of the school year and throughout the fall are great times to try something new. To best provide for all students, opportunities that empower them to set their pace for learning, to choose areas of interest or the “how” to show learning, and to collaborate with classmates, make a difference. They will invest more in learning and become more curious.
So what are some ways that educators can do this? By choosing versatile methods that are not specific to the content area whether through choice boards or class playlists, STEM-related learning opportunities, or diving into PBL, we can help students in many ways. With these options, we can build content knowledge while also developing SEL skills to prepare students for the future and boost engagement in learning.
Boosting Engagement and Curiosity
When we create learning experiences that will more meaningfully engage students with the content, while also aiming to move them from being simply consumers to creators, it increases their interest and amplifies student achievement.
When students have the opportunity to provide input into the lesson brainstorm ideas and plan with us will also boost engagement and build a learning community in our classrooms.
As educators, it is important to continue to reflect on our practice and make time to learn about student interests so that we can better provide for them. With a variety of ways for students to show what they have learned, we will foster student agency, boost engagement, and increase student motivation in learning. Here are some ideas to explore:
Choice boards are a great way to include a variety of options for students to explore and practice the content in a meaningful and authentic way. It also helps teachers to differentiate instruction by providing students with multiple ways to process information and build their knowledge. A choice board can be created on paper or digitally.
Creativity tools:Buncee is a great option for multimedia presentations and interactive lessons. Another benefit is it offers Immersive Reader which promotes language accessibility for students and there are so many options to choose from for creating a visually engaging presentation! Another choice is Book Creator is a multimedia creativity tool to create books that can include audio, video, text, and images, and more. It also has features such as captions, translation in 120+ languages, and improved screen readers. Students can also collaborate on a book with a partner or as part of a class. Genially is a versatile option that can be used to create presentations or even make a class website, choice boards, newsletters, escape rooms, storybooks, and more.
Game-based learning: Students enjoy playing a variety of games whether traditional games, ones they make up, or participating in the many digital options available. These are great for teachers to gather feedback and be able to provide additional support for students. Some of our favorites include Blooket, Gimkit, Kahoot!, Quizizz, and Quizlet Live!
Interactive lessons:Formative has been a great option in my classroom for many years. It has a variety of options for students to complete quick activities or assessments or do a self-paced lesson. It helps teachers to track student progress, better understand the questions that students might have, and use it as a way to reflect on their own teaching practice.
Fun activities:Skribbl.io is a fun drawing game that I used in my Spanish classes and added my own list of vocabulary words. Students then have a code to join the game and then try to guess the word as it is drawn. Gimkit has a similar feature. Another favorite is Bingo Baker where you can generate bingo cards and print unique cards or have students use their devices. Bingo is always a fun way to review vocabulary and content!
Student input: Learning from students about their interests and gathering feedback is important. I have used LessonLoop, which enables educators to share anonymous student engagement surveys to gather feedback from students. The students’ responses help educators guide their next steps and better plan for instruction by valuing the input of every student.
STEM activities and problem-solving: Engaging students in STEM activities doesn’t need to only happen in a STEM-specific course or grade level. My students used Hummingbird robots from Birdbrain Technologies to create design challenges. CoSpacesEDU is an augmented and virtual reality platform that can be used with any grade level or content area. There are some easy-to-try STEM challenges that help students to build many essential skills. I recommend trying the Cup Tower Challenge, and the Straw Challenge. I recently learned about ImaginGO which is an instructional software that spurs creative and imaginative thinking. It engages students to invest and incorporate their own innovative ideas to solve complex problems and gets students up and moving more!
As teachers wrap up the content material or look for ways to review, perhaps for final exams in some courses or simply to take a break and try something different, these ideas have worked well to boost engagement in my classroom. And because these tools are not specific to one area of focus or grade level, hopefully, they provide new ideas for the end of the year that will lead to more meaningful and engaging learning experiences for all students!
Another key part of these types of activities or leveraging these tools is that they also help students to develop social-emotional learning (SEL) skills and promote more active learning. Students will enjoy and become excited about the learning process.
Continue exploring ways to create unique, authentic, and meaningful opportunities for students. Start class with a fun hook, try a new method, do something completely unconventional from what you might normally do or just ask students for their ideas. By cultivating a learning environment where students feel valued, it will have a positive impact on student learning and foster the development of many essential skills.
Taking risks with new methods is a great model to set for students and will better equip students with the essential skills that they will need moving forward.
About the Author
Rachelle Dené Poth is a Spanish and STEAM Educator at Riverview High School in Oakmont, PA. She is also an Attorney, Edtech Consultant, Speaker, and the Author of eight books about education and edtech. Rachelle is available to provide PD on Artificial Intelligence, Augmented and Virtual Reality, Coding, SEL and STEM.
Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions for your school about Artificial Intelligence, Coding, AR/VR, and more!
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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy? It is comprised of five major components that require us to teach students a wide variety of skills that are integrated with the very technology that has AI embedded in it. AI literacy and its themes encompass perception, representation and reason, learning, natural interaction, and societal impact. All of these factors relate to how computers collect data, interact with that data, and how we as humans can interact with it. These components of AI Literacy are described below as we discuss how AI is impacting our work as educators. From understanding what AI entails to how it impacts our workflow and our practice as educators, it is and will change how we operate.
Via AIK12 Five Big Ideas in AI
Note: AI Literacy still is being further defined by the greater community as it is an emerging technology that is now being scaled.
The goal of this article is to describe how AI works, and how it is used in industry, in our own personal workflows, and in education. Additionally, the goal is to provide foundational information in each of these areas. Last, as you progress through this article, think about the five themes discussed above in relation to AI Literacy. Think about how this may look in practical examples in your daily life as well as your students. Additionally, think about how you can teach about AI and how to use it in your content area and industry.
How AI Works?
AI encompasses a number of tools and mechanisms that analyze data to solve problems through algorithms. Tools and mechanisms such as machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, computer vision, and natural language processing can be utilized as a pathway to AI. For example, machine learning is a pathway that uses algorithms to learn insights and recognize patterns in data automatically. Then, it applies to learning to make better decisions over time based on the number of data processed and data available. Another example is deep learning, which is a more advanced method than machine learning that acts as large neural networks that function like the human brain to analyze data in a logical manner to find and learn complex patterns. Ultimately, its goal is to make logical predictions without the need for human input.
To see how AI works in your daily life, an example you see every day is text prediction. Using data inputted from users based on the words and phrases utilized over time, while writing a sentence the AI makes an informed prediction of what text may follow thereafter. Another example of this in action is predicting our favorite websites, Netflix show preferences, and advertisements we see. Based on the data we’ve provided over time along with users with similar preferences, through the nature of the algorithm, it can predict our preferences and even our behavior. For example, you will see your top preferences immediately in front of you to select. More often than not, someone will select that top preference reinforcing the prediction made.
Have you ever noticed how one preference or advertisement may be larger than the other? Developers can use what we call A/B testing to see user patterns over time, which amasses large data sets to see which preference users are more likely to press. This then reinforces the predictions the algorithms make and you will see how those same preferences are visible throughout your interactions on a variety of platforms (i.e., YouTube, Instagram, Netflix, Google Search).
AI in Industry
AI now has a presence in every industry. For many industries, the goal of utilizing AI is to improve efficiency, profitability, and productivity. For example, in banking AI can use machine learning algorithms to prevent fraud and cybersecurity attacks. Additionally, it can use biometrics and computer vision AI-based algorithms to authenticate users and their identity. For example, think about when you last logged into your online bank. Usually, you must first provide a biometric identification such as your fingerprint or face. Then, through what we call dual authentication, we are sent a text message to our phones with a randomized password, which then allows us to log in. Another example is in Healthcare, which can use our biometric data and historical biometric data to make predictions about our current and future health by taking vast amounts of data sets that appear to have similarities to ours. Through these predictions, doctors can see a number of prognostics they can then work towards with the treatment or preventative care.
Understanding AI Bias
AI has bias’ and is not entirely accurate. It is only as accurate as the data it utilizes to make ongoing predictions. Also, note that the data it may have in its database may also be biased. For example, when we use Google Search, our own searches have our own human biases, which Google then stores in its database. While algorithms may have rules built into them that try to filter biases within the data, it is imperfect as the biases may manifest themselves as the data is making these predictions are inherently biased. Ultimately, this same principle also applies to the accuracy of the data it is pulling for its algorithms. Misinformation can easily be placed within a database that can be pulled by AI. Thus, bias and misinformation can be easily pulled into AI, which can then be scaled to meet mass audiences (i.e., social media newsfeeds).
With this said, we need to discuss how bias can be filtered, but as discussed, we must have filters and safeguards in place for when the data is collected and then when it is pulled by the algorithms powering AI. While in many cases AI can reduce our own human subjective interpretations, it can scale them quite easily due to our own subjectivity found in the data that we are feeding it. Thus, we must determine how to measure fairness in terms of the data we are collecting and utilizing as well as pre-process data to counterfactual data to filter sensitive attributes.
In the meantime, we must be judicious and skeptical of all information we see. We must triangulate our conclusions by synthesizing the information we process as the accuracy of the information we encounter each day is subject to many biases’ and can contain misinformation. Therefore, a key skill to build is digital and multimedia literacy, which is also based on having a higher degree of literacy to process language and understand it. When thinking about any education program, we must keep these skills central to what we are doing.
Integrating AI into Workflow
We now live in a world where we have a personal secretary embedded into many tools we use every day. From text prediction, the impressive language and code applications of ChatGPT, formulas in Excel and Sheets, and predictive content to edit in tools like Canva, Adobe, etc, to the search capabilities of search engines, this is only the tip of the iceberg. How this can impact your workflow is astounding. Below are a number of examples of how AI can help improve workflow.
Create templates of content to be used for email, newsletters, communication, marketing, and more.
Revise writing to make it more engaging and grammatically correct.
Providing code templates in a variety of different languages such as Python, Java, HTML, etc.
Search content and provide basic information on topics
Provide resources
Generate multiple drafts of content
AI in Education
In our classrooms, we are collecting vast amounts of data on our students when they engage with our EdTech tools. From basic quizzes, time on task, and content they have created, to the number of clicks and the locations of those clicks in relation to the problem they may be solving, a plethora of data is being collected. Currently, AI is embedded in various tools, which predict student performance based on their current performance. For example, on tools like iReady, MobyMax, ReadTheory, and even state tests, adaptive AI can review large amounts of data based on present and student performance and provide a student with a question/problem at their current ability level. It can even provide lessons and tutorials based on student performance levels and determine which areas students need to make progress in before learning various skills that may be more difficult.
The implications of this go far beyond what was described above. AI can be harnessed by teachers to make real-time data-driven decisions for individual students, groups of students, and entire classes of students. We can then make decisions about our students progress and utilize assistive AI such as ChatGPT to support us in making personalized learning opportunities for our students.
Additionally, AI can improve the workflow of teachers by providing opportunities for them to optimize their workflow and instruction in their classroom through the following means:
Brainstorming Ideas.
Revising Writing and Providing Feedback on Thinking
Checking student work and providing insightful feedback using embedded rubrics assessing their work.
Creating Rubrics.
Creating Lesson Content For Students.
Developing Lesson Sequences and Units.
Creating Assessments Based on Learning Objectives.
Writing Student Progress Reports Based on Collected Data.
Creating Personalized Student Learning Plans.
Project-Based Learning Lessons and Summative Projects.
Developing Assessments and Differentiated Assessments
AI is Changing the World
AI is changing the way we interact with the world, each other, and how we conduct our work. There’s a large opportunity for educators to help students and our communities adjust to these technologies and navigate how they can learn how to use them in a way that benefits themselves and the community. Many new professions and jobs will arise from AI, but much will have to be done to ethically develop AI to ensure it is being used responsibly. Thus, our job as educators will be to further study and learn how we can teach this technology as it evolves over the next few years.
Another version of this Article: The ChatGPT Version of this Article – I inputted the article into ChatGPT to see if I can make it more fun and engaging to read. What do you think?
Are you curious about AI and its impact on various aspects of our lives? In this article, we will explore the five big ideas in AI literacy and how AI works. AI encompasses a variety of tools and mechanisms, such as machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, computer vision, and natural language processing, that use algorithms to analyze data and solve problems. AI is present in almost every industry today, such as banking, healthcare, and cybersecurity, where it is used to improve efficiency, productivity, and profitability. However, AI is not entirely accurate and has biases that must be filtered out through safeguards and filters that need to be put in place when data is collected and utilized by the algorithms powering AI.
AI has an impact on our daily lives in various ways, and one example is text prediction. The algorithm uses the data we provide, such as the words and phrases we use while writing, to predict the text that will follow. Another example is the predictions made for favorite websites, Netflix show preferences, and advertisements. Based on the data we have provided over time, AI can predict our preferences and even our behavior. AI can also be used to prevent fraud and cybersecurity attacks in banking through machine learning algorithms and in healthcare by using our biometric data and historical data to make predictions about our current and future health.
However, AI is only as accurate as the data it utilizes to make ongoing predictions. Therefore, the data it may have in its database may also be biased, and misinformation can easily be placed within a database that can be pulled by AI. Bias and misinformation can be easily pulled into AI, which can then be scaled to meet mass audiences (i.e., social media newsfeeds).
To filter out bias, filters, and safeguards need to be put in place when the data is collected and utilized by the algorithms powering AI. We must also be judicious and skeptical of all information we see, triangulating our conclusions by synthesizing the information we process, and putting counterfactual data to filter sensitive attributes. In the end, AI literacy and its themes are essential for teaching students a variety of skills integrated with technology that has AI embedded in it.
How AI is Impacting Education
AI is having a significant impact on education. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in how AI can be used to improve the educational process. One example of this is adaptive learning, where AI algorithms are used to personalize learning experiences for individual students. By analyzing data about a student’s progress, the AI can determine their strengths and weaknesses and adapt the curriculum to meet their needs. This has the potential to improve student engagement and increase academic performance.
Another way AI is impacting education is through chatbots. Chatbots are AI-powered tools that can answer student questions, provide personalized feedback, and even grade assignments. This can help reduce the workload for teachers and increase efficiency in the classroom.
However, it is important to note that there are also potential downsides to the use of AI in education. For example, there is a risk that the use of AI may perpetuate existing biases and inequalities. Additionally, some educators are concerned that the use of AI may lead to a loss of human connection and empathy in the learning process.
Teaching AI Literacy
Given the increasing impact of AI on our lives, it is important that we teach AI literacy to students. AI literacy involves not just an understanding of how AI works, but also an understanding of its societal impact and ethical considerations.
One way to teach AI literacy is through interdisciplinary projects that incorporate AI concepts into a variety of subjects. For example, students could use machine learning algorithms to analyze data in a science project or use natural language processing to create a chatbot in a language arts class.
Another way to teach AI literacy is through dedicated courses and workshops that focus specifically on AI concepts and their applications. This could involve hands-on coding projects, guest speakers from industry experts, and discussions of ethical considerations related to AI.
Conclusion
AI literacy is an essential skill for students in the 21st century. With AI playing an increasingly important role in our lives, it is important that we not only understand how it works but also its potential impact on society. By teaching AI literacy, we can prepare students to be responsible and informed users of AI technology and to be critical thinkers who can recognize and challenge bias and ethical issues related to AI.
Contact Rachelle to schedule sessions for your school about Artificial Intelligence, Coding, AR/VR, and more!
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Imagine a classroom where every essay, every homework assignment springs from the well of individual thought and effort. This is the academic ideal, but as AI technologies become ubiquitous classroom companions, the lines defining academic integrity are being redrawn. How do we uphold the honor of independent scholarship when students have access to tools that can generate a polished essay in seconds?
As we navigate the era of digital transformation, AI emerges as both a beacon of innovation and a test of our educational principles. The White House’s executive order recognizes AI’s “extraordinary potential for both promise and peril” (Executive Office of the President, 2023, p. 1), while the Department of Education’s report cautions us at this “inflection point” where we must choose to either diminish or bridge educational disparities (Department of Education, 2023, p. 6). In this climate, the academic integrity of our classrooms hangs in the balance, necessitating a nuanced approach to integrating AI in education.
The Call for Ethical AI:
In a unified call for ethical AI, both the executive order and the Department of Education’s report emphasize the necessity of human oversight and equitable use of AI technologies. These documents compel us to create AI policies that not only comply with ethical standards but also reflect a shared vision for high-quality, equitable education (Executive Office of the President, 2023, p. 2; Department of Education, 2023, p. 10). We must forge policies that are adaptable to the rapid advancements in AI, ensuring they remain relevant and effective.
To navigate this terrain, the following steps can serve as a compass for schools:
Assessment of Current GenAI Usage:
Begin by evaluating how students and teachers are currently engaging with generative AI tools. Understand the ethical, academic integrity, and privacy concerns that arise with their usage.
AI Literacy and Understanding:
Invest in building a comprehensive AI literacy program. Ensure that every member of the school community, from students to educators, understands the capabilities and limitations of GenAI.
Designing Clear Guidelines:
Devise clear, actionable guidelines for how students and teachers can use GenAI tools responsibly. These guidelines should encourage the ethical use of AI while also fostering academic integrity.
Stakeholder Partnerships:
Collaborate with a broad range of stakeholders—including students, parents, teachers, and tech experts—to create a policy that is inclusive and representative of the community’s values and needs.
Policy as a Living Document:
Recognize that an AI policy is not set in stone but is a living document that will evolve as new multimodal technologies come, and where insights and challenges emerge.
Stakeholder-Specific Examples:
Provide concrete examples that resonate with various stakeholders, illustrating the appropriate use of AI in a way that is relevant and understandable to each group.
The policy should explicitly address:
Appropriate Use Cases: Clearly define scenarios where generative AI can be used to assist with assignments, ensuring that the use enhances learning without compromising on integrity.
Citation and Tracking of Generative AI Use: Establish norms for how students should cite and track their use of GenAI, promoting transparency and accountability.
Data Privacy and Security: Set firm boundaries to safeguard the data privacy and security of students and teachers, aligning with the best practices in digital safety.
By considering common issues such as generative AI grading challenges, the proliferation of misinformation, and the risks of overreliance on AI, policies can be designed to preempt and address these concerns effectively.
Introducing the Policy:
Implementing the policy can be done through varied educational strategies. Engage the school community in faculty meetings, workshops, debates, and peer learning sessions to foster a deep understanding of the policy. Also, include student voice in the process and find ways to creatively communicate to parents and community members. This multi-faceted approach ensures that as AI tools become more integrated into the educational fabric, they are used in a manner that is safe, secure, and aligned with the ethos of academic excellence.
Drawing from the four foundations suggested by the Department of Education—centering people, advancing equity, ensuring safety and effectiveness, and promoting transparency—we can outline strategies that educators can implement to develop AI policies that foster integrity and inclusivity (Department of Education, 2023, p. 10).
The Double-Edged Sword of AI in Academic Honesty:
AI can be a powerful ally in education, offering personalized learning experiences and support. However, it can also inadvertently encourage shortcuts. AI-powered platforms that complete math problems or auto-generate essays can detract from the learning process. Conversely, AI that supports students in research, data analysis, and the exploration of multiple perspectives can enhance critical thinking and original work.
AI holds the power to both enhance personalized learning and inadvertently encourage academic shortcuts. The Department of Education underscores the need to ensure safety and effectiveness of AI tools (Department of Education, 2023, p. 10), aligning with the executive order’s directive for rigorous evaluations of AI systems (Executive Office of the President, 2023, p. 2).
Balancing Act: Case Studies and Hypothetical Scenarios:
Consider the use case of a school district that implemented an AI tool designed to help students learn how to structure essays. The tool was effective, but teachers noticed an uptick in nearly identical essay outlines. The district responded by updating their policy to specify that while AI can be used for learning and practice, all submitted work must be uniquely crafted by the student, ensuring the final product demonstrates individual learning and critical thinking. This approach aligns with the administration’s emphasis on equity, as articulated in the executive order: “My Administration cannot — and will not — tolerate the use of AI to disadvantage those who are already too often denied equal opportunity and justice.” (Executive Office of the President, p. 3)
A district’s use of AI for essays can help lead to policy updates ensuring student work remains original, mirroring the White House’s stand on equitable AI use (Executive Office of the President, p. 3). AI in assessments should aid educators, not supplant them, providing a detailed look at student performance across various tasks. Feedback on drafts and support for authentic, real-world tasks are where AI shines, but human judgment remains the most important aspect of assessment, and is crucial to the student-teacher relationship. This balanced approach to AI leverages its strengths while upholding academic integrity and educational values.
Conclusion:
As we stand at the intersection of innovation and tradition, the path forward requires a delicate balance. We must embrace the tools that propel our students toward a bright future while instilling the timeless values of honesty and effort. It is not just about teaching students how to use AI responsibly; it’s about nurturing a mindset that values the learning journey as much as the destination. Ensuring AI systems “function as intended, are resilient against misuse or dangerous modifications” (Executive Office of the President, p. 3) is paramount in this endeavor.
Engagement Poll:
What is your biggest concern regarding AI and academic integrity? Share your thoughts and let’s address these challenges together.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the future of teaching and learning: Insights and recommendations. https://tech.ed.gov/ai-future-of-teaching-and-learning/
About Micah
District Administrator Instructional Technology & Social Studies at Maywood, Melrose Park, Broadview School District 89, American Consortium for Equity in Education Contributing Writer, Times 10 Publications Author
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This post may seem primarily for those who teach writing, as opposed to my usual posts that work for most content areas or teaching in general. However, even if you don’t teach writing, you might get a nugget by looking into how the analogy of fishing, coupled with some brain science (dual coding) or researched-based strategy (graphic organizer) can aid you in a way to present your content that makes sense to students when traditional ways may be failing. While graphic organizers can tap into the power of dual-coding merely by having shapes to which students then add words or text, when teachers (or students) also add images or clipart, it boosts the power of the learning so that it has a better chance of going from a student’s working memory to their long-term memory. I approach most of my activity creations with that in mind when students need something new from me to help them master the content.
DON’T YOU KNOW I’M STILL STANDIN’ BETTER THAN I EVER DID?
Recently, my last-period class of freshmen was struggling with creating an introductory paragraph as we dove head-first into our blended essay writing unit. It’s still early in the school year, so students are still getting into the learning mode as opposed to summer mode. As we discussed the parts of an introductory paragraph, we reminded them of the hook sentence, the bridge sentences, and then the thesis. Students generally understand and remember the hook, and they know they have to have a thesis, but generally speaking, students in several grade levels struggle with those bridge sentences. As mine struggled, I mentioned to the class that I needed a better word for them than bridge. Something that we could use in class that made more sense. A student in the back of the class responded, “Well, you have a hook, what about fish? A hook needs fish.” Okay, in my 28 years of teaching, why didn’t I ever think of that? The rest of the class period, we successfully had students writing hooks, fish sentences, and thesis statements.
LOOKIN’ LIKE A TRUE SURVIVOR, FEELIN’ LIKE A LITTLE KID
During my prep period the next day, I considered the analogy and modified it a bit as I created a graphic organizer for writing introductory paragraphs. While we have used outlines in the past, and those are great too, this class needed the information chunked, and I wanted to use research-based graphic organizers along with the learning or brain science of dual coding. I created a Google Slide that could be printed or used digitally to help students write good introductory paragraphs.
AND I’M STILL STANDIN’ AFTER ALL THIS TIME
That worked so well that I decided to carry the analogy further and do the entire essay. A quick, but possibly not super thorough, turned up nothing like my Fishing strategy for essay writing, so here you go. I asked ChatGPT for help on the title page so that educators know they can use it for free but should not sell it or take credit for it, and ChatGPT not only told me how to word it, but that I should get a Creative Commons (CC) or other license for it too, so I did. (PESA-Public Educator Service Announcement: ChatGPT can help you with areas outside of lesson planning and grading papers.)
I’M STILL STANDIN’ (YEAH, YEAH, YEAH)
Adapt it to fit your student’s needs. Instructions are in the gray non-printing areas for students completing it digitally. If you are using sheet protectors as whiteboards like I am, then these are great to print as a class set and put inside your DIY whiteboards to practice different parts of the essay. It works hand in hand with having students read a variety of texts too, without having to grade a lot of essays, in part or in whole, constantly. The practice and repetition with the essay structure will help students write organized essays, and these can be used throughout the year with any reading material, as long as you have or can create a question or prompt from the text. Use them for write/pair/shares (like think/pair/share but writing the thinking on the whiteboards or printed graphic organizers) too, and just like that, you have a valuable formative tool.
Feel free to grab the Fishing Essay Graphic Organizer template below. Specific permissions on how you can use it is explained on the first slide of the presentation.
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As instructional leaders and coaches, we have the incredible opportunity to elevate the effectiveness of teaching and cultivate a culture of continual growth in our schools. Embracing the new school year, review an array of high-impact instructional strategies that can truly ignite learning experiences within our classrooms. Each strategy presented in this post is accompanied by a practical application that can readily inspire teachers through an example and how coaches can support teachers in implementing these research-based strategies in their classrooms. Our mission is to empower teachers to incorporate these strategies into their lessons while providing them with supportive coaching along the way to build their confidence and instructional toolkit.
As a coach, focus on three to five of these strategies to start. Then, when you are on a coaching cycle with a teacher, focus on ONE of these strategies during a single coaching cycle interval. Additionally, each of these strategies can be done with or without technology integrated. It will depend on whether the lesson requires technology or if a teacher deems that technology may provide more opportunities for students to take in the content and skills learned to then put them into action in demonstrating their learning in a formative manner and summatively.
As instructional leaders and coaches, we hold the power to transform teaching and learning in our schools along with our teachers. By embracing these high-impact research-based instructional strategies throughout our classrooms, we can ignite profound learning experiences and cultivate a culture of growth in our classrooms for our students. Explore each strategy, classroom example, and coaching example to inspire and empower your work as you move into this school year!
Definition:Providing students with immediate and regular feedback aimed at effort, improvement, and mastery rather than relative performance. It involves both teacher and peer assessments. It can be done throughout an entire class session with formative assessment. Note: Be sure to provide feedback in a way that requires students to use the feedback in action as feedback without deliberate action of implementing the feedback is not as effective.
Classroom Example:In a science class, a teacher addresses a student’s misunderstanding about a chemistry concept right away during guided practice as the teacher presents the content during an interactive Pear Deck presentation as it embeds formative assessment throughout the presentation, instead of waiting until the end of the lesson. Additionally, key items from the lesson can be assessed when a teacher uses exit tickets to assess students’ grasp of the concept, providing opportunities for reteaching where necessary for the next time they will be focused on the content from this lesson.
Coaching Tip:Coaches can assist teachers in creating effective feedback mechanisms such as templates of interactive presentations, rubrics, and exit tickets. They can model through co-teaching or teach a lesson sequence with the teacher observing how to provide immediate, growth-focused feedback and how to structure peer assessments effectively.
Strategy 2: Retrieval Practice Techniques to Support Memory Recall
Definition:These techniques involve regular use of recall-based activities that enhance the retention and application of previously learned information. This can look like flashcards, formative assessments, or even activating prior knowledge based on an image or video that was about what was learned in a previous lesson. Note: Retrieval practice, formative assessment, and facilitating feedback are strategies that can be sequenced together during lessons.
Classroom Example: An English teacher begins each class with warm-up questions from previous lessons – like matching vocabulary terms with their definitions. Also, concept checks are embedded throughout the lesson such as the use of formative assessment using either mini-whiteboards or interactive slides such as Pear Deck, Nearpod, or Canva whiteboard, prompting students to recall key ideas and providing necessary feedback, if needed, before proceeding.
Coaching Tip: Coaches can support teachers in creating recall-based activities such as quizzes, brain dumps, or concept checks. They can also advise on how to incorporate these into lessons and homework assignments effectively.
Strategy 3: Generative Learning Strategiesto Process and Reorganized Learning Information
Definition: These strategies involve students actively processing and reorganizing information. They can include tasks like explaining concepts in their own words, creating examples or diagrams, and making predictions. Note: Be sure students have quite a bit of background knowledge in the content you will want to utilize for this strategy before implementing it.
Classroom Example: A history teacher asks students to explain a historical event “as if I don’t know it.” The students create their own diagrams to represent their understanding and compare similar events. This can be done with or without tech. Sketchnoting, word webs, or even student-created videos or podcasts discussing the historical event could all be examples of how this is done by students.
Coaching Tip:Coaches can demonstrate how to incorporate generative tasks into lessons and can provide feedback on the quality of tasks teachers have created. They can also suggest ways to scaffold these tasks for students at different ability levels.
Strategy 5: Spacing and Interleaving Techniquesto Improve Practice of Concepts and Skills Taught In Class
Definition: These techniques involve distributing practice over multiple sessions and mixing different types of content or problems within a single session. This can be done through practice problems given during independent practice. Note: We do not need to give our students hundreds of practice problems for them to improve their skills.
Classroom Example: A math teacher spreads out practice on a particular concept over multiple short sessions and interleaves different types of problems within a practice set. An example would be five addition problems followed by two subtraction problems and one addition problem at the end of the problem set.
Coaching Tip:Coaches can help teachers design their curriculum to incorporate spacing and interleaving. They can also suggest how to balance the rotation of old and new content. Coaches can build a template or calendar of how practice problem sets should be built and then distributed throughout the week. Then, they can support teachers by monitoring the practice they give students and at what intervals the practice is happening to support teachers in building this as a routine in their classroom.
Strategy 6: Scaffolding
Definition: Scaffolding refers to providing temporary support to students as they learn new concepts. Teachers can gradually decrease this support as students develop the skills and understanding to work independently.
Classroom Example: In a writing class, a teacher may initially provide a detailed writing template as the mentor text. Over time, the teacher might reduce the level of detail in the template, eventually only providing a simple outline, and finally asking students to create their own outline from scratch.
Coaching Tip: Coaches can support teachers by sharing effective scaffolding methods and resources. They can also help in determining when and how to reduce scaffolding based on students’ progress. For example, a coach can support teachers in reviewing their assessment data to then determine what support they may need to provide students. Additionally, they can also support a teacher in evaluating when they can begin to gradually release support over time during a given lesson or unit.
Strategy 7:Gradual Release Model (I Do, We Do, You Do)
Definition: The Gradual Release Model is an effective method of instruction that moves from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. The process involves three stages: “I do” (teacher demonstrates), “We do” (teacher and students work together), and “You do” (students work independently). Note: Scaffolding and gradual release tend to go together in tandem during an instructional sequence.
Classroom Example: In a math lesson, the teacher first demonstrates a problem-solving method (I do). The class then works through several similar problems together (We do). Finally, students solve similar problems independently or in small groups (You do). In this sequence, using mini-whiteboards or an interactive digital slideshow is helpful as then a teacher can see student progress over the course of this instructional sequence.
Coaching Tip: Coaches can assist teachers in structuring their lessons around the Gradual Release Model. This might include providing guidance on how to effectively demonstrate new concepts and techniques, facilitate collaborative work, and support independent student work. Coaches can also model how this looks in a teacher’s class as well as then plan a lesson with a teacher and observe the teacher practicing this strategy in action and then provide feedback.
Strategy 8: Modeling Content or Skills During Direct Instruction
Definition: Modeling is an instructional strategy in which the teacher demonstrates a new concept or skill to students in a step-by-step process. The teacher models the thought process as well as the actions so that students can see the “how” and the “why” of what they’re learning. This strategy is part of the gradual release of responsibility model, where the responsibility for task completion shifts gradually from the teacher to the student.
Classroom Example: In a writing lesson, a teacher could use modeling to teach students how to craft a compelling introduction for an essay. The teacher might write an introduction on the board, explaining their thought process out loud—why they chose specific words, how they structured their sentences, what information they included to hook the reader, etc.
Coaching Tip: Instructional coaches can support teachers by providing examples of effective modeling and giving feedback on their modeling techniques. Coaches can also model the modeling process—for instance, they might model a mini-lesson or co-teaching alongside the teacher they are working with, demonstrating not just the content, but also their thought process during the modeling sequence. This meta-modeling can be a powerful way to help teachers understand and apply effective modeling techniques in their own classrooms depending on the content and skills they are teaching their students.
Strategy 9:Formative Assessmentthroughout Lessons
Definition: Formative assessment is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process to modify teaching and learning activities. These assessments aim to improve student attainment throughout a lesson sequence. They serve as practice for students, check-ins for both student and teacher and a guide for teachers in planning future instruction and interventions in real-time or for a lesson in the future. Note: Mini-whiteboards, interactive slides, and short multiple-choice assessments tend to be some of the easiest mechanisms to deliver formative assessments.
Classroom Example: A science teacher could conduct a formative assessment by giving a short quiz on the material covered in that week’s lessons at the beginning and at the end of the class period. This allows the teacher to see which concepts students have understood and which they might be struggling with. The teacher can then use this information to adjust their lesson plans, providing additional instruction or practice on difficult concepts.
Alternatively, formative assessment can be as informal as a class discussion or a “thumbs up, thumbs down” quick check for understanding. The key is that the information gathered is used to inform instruction.
Coaching Tip: Instructional coaches can guide teachers in using formative assessments effectively by helping them design assessments that are aligned with learning objectives, providing feedback on the use of assessment data, and suggesting modifications or additional supports based on assessment results.
Strategy 10: Reduce Cognitive Load
Definition: Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is an instructional design theory that uses the science of how the human brain processes information to inform the design of learning materials so they are easy to comprehend and remember. In essence, it emphasizes the importance of understanding and optimizing the cognitive load — the total amount of mental effort used in the working memory — during learning. Note: Many of the strategies discussed can reduce cognitive load, such as modeling in chunks, scaffolding, and gradual release sequences.
Classroom Example: A teacher introducing a complex concept, like photosynthesis, might first present the overall process in a simplified way, then progressively introduce details about each part. They might also use diagrams and real-life examples to help illustrate each part by chunking the information. By doing this, the teacher is intentionally managing students’ cognitive load, ensuring they’re not overwhelmed with too much information at once. Other examples include using only pertinent information in all displays of information to students. Reducing any extraneous information is helpful in managing cognitive load.
Coaching Tip: Coaches can support teachers in managing cognitive load by helping them to break down complex topics into manageable chunks. They can also support teachers in developing a variety of engaging, multimodal resources and teaching strategies, such as using visuals, analogies, and real-world examples, to support students’ understanding and reduce cognitive overload. Additionally, coaches can provide teachers with feedback related to how much extraneous information they may need to be watchful during their lessons – such as cutting out irrelevant information related to the topic during direct instruction.
Conclusion – Think Less is More and Sustainability
As coaches, we need to model why less is more and what sustainable teaching looks like to the teachers we are coaching. As mentioned at the beginning of this post, we need to focus on only one major strategy at once. Then, during our coaching sessions with teachers, model how that strategy looks, and how it can be incorporated into lessons, and then provide co-teaching and feedback opportunities to the teacher to support them in practicing the strategy over time in their classrooms. Last, focus on how teachers can use these strategies in a sustainable manner. What this means is developing the classroom routines and workflow in planning that allow these strategies to be readily utilized and practiced. Additionally, ensure teachers that not every lesson needs to have each of these strategies – it’s a matter of having these strategies in their toolkit to be used throughout the week is what ultimately matters most.
References
Agarwal, P. K. (2019). Powerful teaching: Unleash the science of learning. John Wiley & Sons. (Retrieval Practice Techniques)
Archer, A. L., & Hughes, C. A. (2011). Explicit instruction: Effective and efficient teaching. Guilford Press. (Modeling Strategy)
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and Classroom Learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7-74. (Formative Assessment Strategy)
Brookhart, S. M. (2017). How to give effective feedback to your students. ASCD. (Strategies for Facilitating Feedback)
Brown, P. C., Roediger III, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make it stick: The science of successful learning. Belknap Press. (Retrieval Practice Techniques)
Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3), 354. (Spacing and Interleaving Techniques)
Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2008). Better learning through structured teaching: A framework for the gradual release of responsibility. ASCD. (Gradual Release Strategy)
Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2014). Better learning through structured teaching: A framework for the gradual release of responsibility. ASCD. (Gradual Release Strategy)
Fiorella, L., & Mayer, R. E. (2015). Learning as a generative activity: Eight learning strategies that promote understanding. Cambridge University Press. (Generative Learning Strategies)
Gibbons, P. (2014). Scaffolding language, scaffolding learning: Teaching second language learners in the mainstream classroom. Heinemann. (Scaffolding Strategy)
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The Power of Feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. (Strategies for Facilitating Feedback)
Kirschner, P. A., & Hendrick, C. (2020). How learning happens: Seminal works in educational psychology and what they mean in practice. Routledge.
Kirschner, P. A., & Hendrick, C. (2023). How teaching happens: Applying the science of learning in the classroom. Routledge.
Mayer, R. E. (2011). Applying the science of learning. Pearson. (Generative Learning Strategies)
OpenAI’s GPT-4 (2023, July 25). Personal communication. Instructional Coaching and Instructional Strategies.
Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8(3), 317-344. (Gradual Release Strategy)
Rohrer, D., Dedrick, R. F., & Stershic, S. (2015). Interleaved practice improves mathematics learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(3), 900. (Spacing and Interleaving Techniques)
Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249-255. (Retrieval Practice Techniques)
Sweller, J., Ayres, P., & Kalyuga, S. (2011). Cognitive load theory (Explorations in the learning sciences, instructional systems and performance technologies). New York, NY: Springer.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press. (Scaffolding Strategy)
Wittrock, M. C. (1974). A Generative Model of Mathematics Learning. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 5(4), 181. (Generative Learning Strategies)
Wong, H. K., & Wong, R. T. (2009). The first days of school: How to be an effective teacher. Harry K. Wong Publications. (I Do, We Do, You Do Strategy)
Interested in guest blogging or learning more about Rachelle’s work?
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Preparation for college, university, and future careers starts early. High school students start thinking about what careers they might want to pursue in the future as early as their freshman year.
School courses can help students identify areas of interest or uncover specific talents. Other students find working part-time jobs gives them an idea of what they’re good at and extracurriculars or school clubs also allow students the opportunity to explore their passions. Additionally, students find that volunteering exposes them to careers or areas of work they might not have otherwise considered.
Over the years, districts have continued to see the importance and impact of civic engagement on students. Community-engaged students have improved student outcomes for many reasons: students develop important skills through volunteering, have leadership opportunities, experience a sense of belonging, and grow socially and emotionally as they serve others. Students also learn vital skills that allow them to find success in their lives after high school.
Educators work hard to ensure students receive a proper academic education but also are pivotal in spurring students on as they grow individually. As your students are exploring potential career paths and determining what they want to pursue after high school, encourage them to volunteer. As students are thinking about where to volunteer or complete their service hours, encourage students to reflect on what their areas of interest are. This is so personal to each student but it allows them to identify potential areas of focus or interests that could lead to a career path. From there, work with the student to identify opportunities or encourage the student to research needs in the community that would give them some real hands-on experience. Volunteering allows students to help others, see the impact of their work, and explore career interests.
Here are volunteer opportunities and service ideas for students to explore various career paths:
Social Services Agencies: Offering time at agencies supporting the homeless, elderly, or individuals with disabilities, allows students to explore careers in social work, counseling, or healthcare.
Political Campaigns: Students can assist in local political campaigns to learn more about the process. This is helpful for students interested in politics or public policy.
Art and Music Programs: Students interested in fine arts, art history, or music can volunteer at local art galleries or community music programs to gain insight into the arts and culture sector.
Community Events and Festivals: Volunteering to help organize or run community events is a great experience for students interested in hospitality or event planning.
Tutoring/Mentoring: Students with an interest in teaching can start by tutoring or mentoring other students to get a feel for a career in education.
Animal Shelter or Zoo: Students interested in veterinary careers or even zoology can gain experience and insight into the industry.
Technology or Marketing: Students interested in technology can volunteer to teach coding or basic tech-related lessons at community centers or nursing homes. Students interested in social media or marketing can put those skills to use volunteering to manage social media for local organizations.
Environmental Conservation Projects/ Community Gardens: Students can participate in a community garden or an environmental conversation project to learn about agriculture, sustainable practices, environmental sciences, or urban planning.
Library or Museums: Students can volunteer at a library or museum to gain insights into the world of archiving, curation, and education which can be useful for students interested in the arts, history, or information science.
Sports or Recreation Programs: Volunteer with youth sports teams or recreational programs. This can help students explore careers in coaching or sports management.
Outcomes of Service
Students can make a huge difference in their communities, and be engaged with others around them while exploring various careers and interests that will set them up for success.
Through volunteering, students can start making connections in their desired industry and gain experience that will benefit them long term. Students can discover new interests and talents, or conversely, realize specific careers aren’t for them.
There are so many benefits students experience while impacting their communities. Educators play a crucial role in leading students through this process and x2VOL is here to support schools and districts in these endeavors.
x2VOL makes it easy to manage community service and work-based learning all online. With benefits for students, educators, and district leaders, x2VOL provides functionalities to remove the burden of hours tracking and reporting, providing educators the space to engage students in these important developmental opportunities. Learn more about how x2VOL supports schools and districts in our demo.
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The world is constantly evolving and the skills that are in demand now may not be needed five years from now. Jobs are changing, technology is becoming even more advanced and careers that exist today may not be needed in the future. And on the other side, there are many jobs that don’t exist yet that will need to be filled by the students in our classrooms today. How do we prepare for what we can’t truly know and understand? We need to make sure that all students have opportunities to explore a variety of topics, careers and learn about their areas of interest and about themselves. We need to spark curiosity for learning and help to guide students to discovering what they might actually be interested in.
Students need to be active in learning and have time to explore the world around them. In some classrooms, students may experience passive learning and solely be consuming content, rather than creating. To amplify learning for students today, we need experiences that will potentially cause some chaos and shift from what has been the traditional classroom structure. Instead, we need to extend learning beyond our classroom space and embrace new learning models that promote student agency and spark curiosity for learning. We need methods and opportunities that foster the development of essential SEL skills and that will best prepare students for the future through real-world learning opportunities. Students need to understand the relevance of what they are learning in our classrooms and how that applies to the real world and careers that are available to them.
Finding methods and tools that will best meet student interests and needs is essential. In education, we have been focusing on the development of “21st-century skills” for many years. We can’t possibly know everything about what the future holds for students when it comes to careers and specific skills, so to prepare, we must help students build a variety of skills. With opportunities that support students as they learn how to adapt to changes and become flexible in learning and growing, will prepare them for whatever the world of work will look like five, ten, or more years from now. Defined Careers offers information that is applicable to all grade levels and has information for many different areas of work. It includes job descriptions, education requirements, and salary information. Recent webinars from Defined Learning have also focused on careers that are in demand and how to engage students in career-connected learning.
Here are three more ways to spark curiosity for careers of the future and engage students in career-focused learning:
CTE and Work-based learning: It is important for students to continue to learn about the career options that are available and how they may be changing. With CTE, work-based learning, and even job shadowing programs, students can gain practical and real-world insights into different fields. In the classroom, students can learn about careers and speak with people in their local community. However, being able to experience what it is like in the work environment, and interact with people who are working in careers of interest to students, will have a bigger impact. There are opportunities available locally and virtually that will greatly benefit students. By partnering with local businesses and professionals, inviting guest speakers, and involving students in real-world, hands-on projects, they will become more aware of the opportunities available to them. Through these experiences, they learn about what their interests are and how they can make an impact in the world. Diving into the Defined Careers resources can also help students learn more about specific careers and the types of work that may be involved. Career Course focuses on providing students with relevant career experiences and skills needed for a specific career. Each career course is a collection of projects that gives students hands-on learning opportunities.
Place-based learning: By shifting our focus from solely the content area, we can identify a geographical area or the culture of a place as a way to build content knowledge and help students develop SEL skills. Through place-based learning, we place students into the community to collaborate with local businesses, entrepreneurs, and other organizations. These experiences give students an opportunity to apply the content they are learning in the real world. They foster the development of student agency, boost student engagement, and enhance student awareness of the issues and perspectives of the world around them. To further engage students, we can organize field trips to relevant locations, invite guest speakers from the community, and encourage students to research and present on local challenges and solutions.
Project-based learning (PBL): With PBL, students take the lead in deciding what they want to learn and how they want to learn it. With PBL, students choose an area of interest, design their own learning journey and through the experience, see the process of learning rather than a finite end point. In our classroom, we explored a variety of student-chosen topics and also incorporated the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the projects. We can help students to become more globally aware and involved in finding solutions to challenges faced in the world. PBL helps students to become more independent in learning while developing essential SEL skills such as self-management and social awareness.
STEM-focused learning: We want to make sure that students take a break from technology, especially during the summer, however, there are some great resources available for students to explore on their own. With sites such as Defined Learning, Code.org, and Khan Academy, students can explore different STEM-focused courses and resources. With these tools, they can explore in-demand topics like data science, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and other STEM-related fields and be more involved through the interactive modules, videos, and other resources that are offered. Online platforms like these and many others like them enable students to explore areas of interest at their own pace and develop skills that may lead them toward a specific career. Find guest speakers who can provide some personal insight into careers in STEM-related fields and the importance of building skills that are applicable to these areas.
There are many options available to inform students of the possibilities for their future careers. While we may not know exactly which jobs will still exist, we do know that there are specific skills that will help students stay flexible and adapt to the changing landscape of learning and work. Through these real-world opportunities, students will make connections that will positively impact their learning and hopefully, spark curiosity or make them aware of areas they have an interest in for their future
About the Author:
Rachelle Dené is a Spanish and STEAM: What’s Next in Emerging Technology Teacher at Riverview High School in Oakmont, PA. Rachelle is also an attorney with a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law and a Master’s in Instructional Technology. Rachelle is an ISTE Certified Educator and Community Leader and served as president of the ISTE Teacher Education Network. She was named one of 30 K-12 IT Influencers to follow in 2021.
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Learning as I go: Reflections & lessons learned 