Learning Styles is a Myth!
Guest Post by Michael Cao & Evan Missakian
You might have heard it before from your teachers: “Everyone learns in their own way.”
For years, teachers have been attempting to design lessons and activities to match students’ different “learning styles.” But what does this actually mean? What are these supposed “learning styles”?
For some people, they claim that they are “visual learners,” which means that they have a preference for visual-driven instruction. They are more likely to understand concepts if given visual aids such as maps, graphs, diagrams, charts, etc… (Grand Canyon University, 2020). Some people claim that they learn best through auditory modes, while others prefer to be hands-on.
You, too, might have allocated yourself to one of these categories of learning styles throughout your years in K-12 schooling or even college. Suppose that you are a “kinesthetic learner” and like to be hands-on. You are trying to learn systems of equations in a math class. Would you rather be “hands on” with that activity or see someone work out the problem on the board? The obvious choice would seem to be the latter. Does that mean you’re not a kinesthetic learner but rather a visual learner?
This is where learning styles as a concept starts to become muddy. The idea of learning styles has been something that is so pervasive that we never stop to think about if the idea is grounded in scientific research. So is learning styles a myth? The short answer is yes.
The myth is based on the idea that “learning will be ineffective, or at least less efficient than it could be, if learners receive instruction that does not take account of their learning style, or conversely, it is the claim that individualizing instruction to the learner’s style can allow people to achieve a better learning outcome” (Pashler et al., 2009, p. 108).
However, there is a multitude of evidence to suggest that this is actually not true, or at least not supported enough that the learning style hypothesis is valid. Pashler and colleagues noted:
At present, there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning-styles assessments into general educational practice. Thus, limited education resources would better be devoted to adopting other educational practices that have a strong evidence base, of which there are an increasing number. (p. 105)
This brings up an interesting point. Since there seems to be very little evidence on creating instruction based around learning styles, what harm are the teachers who are proponents of this concept potentially doing to their students’ learning? Well, when students are allocated to a certain learning style and the lesson is catered to their learning style, they could be missing out on different learning opportunities (University of Kansas, 2024). For instance, a “visual learner” who is always instructed using visual aids may be hindered in understanding active listening, or might miss out on hands-on learning with science experiments.
While it would seem that we are criticizing learning styles harshly, we do see that there were good intentions behind the idea. On one hand, there’s little scientific evidence to support learning styles; on the other hand, it is still important for educators to realize that each individual student has their own preference as to how they tackle their learning. The idea that learning style propagates is choice but does it in the wrong way.
What matters most is the context of the learning and topic at hand. You wouldn’t give a student a set of auditory directions about where Spain is when you can just show them a map, even if they claim to be an “auditory learner.” You’d be better off teaching this learner how to actually read a map to build upon their spatial knowledge and then give them the choice in how they want to present what they know. They want to create a presentation on Spain? That’s fine. They want to create a podcast, describing Spain? That’s also fine. Or, perhaps they want to create a poster board! To create an empowered learner is to give the learner the choice to show what they know in any way they want – this is different from tailoring lessons to each students’ learning style.
So to all educators and future teachers, it might not be helpful to give your students a choice in how they want to learn solely based on their “learning style,” but instead give them the choice in how they want to show their learning.
Author Bios:
Michael Cao is a Mathematics major at UMass Amherst under the teaching concentration. He is also pursuing an Education minor.
Evan Missakian is majoring in History and minoring in Education at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He hopes to pursue a career as a History Teacher in secondary education after graduation.
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